Control Raspberry Pi GPIO using C language

This example show how to control GPIO (pin 18 in this example) using C language.



testPin.c

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define BCM2708_PERI_BASE   0x20000000
#define GPIO_BASE           (BCM2708_PERI_BASE + 0x200000) /* GPIO controller */

#define LED_18              18

#define BLOCK_SIZE (4*1024)

int mem_fd;
void *gpio_map;
volatile unsigned *gpio;

// GPIO setup macros. Always use INP_GPIO(x) before using OUT_GPIO(x) or SET_GPIO_ALT(x,y)
#define INP_GPIO(g) *(gpio+((g)/10)) &= ~(7<<(((g)%10)*3))
#define OUT_GPIO(g) *(gpio+((g)/10)) |=  (1<<(((g)%10)*3))
#define SET_GPIO_ALT(g,a) *(gpio+(((g)/10))) |= (((a)<=3?(a)+4:(a)==4?3:2)<<(((g)%10)*3))

#define GPIO_SET *(gpio+7)  // sets   bits which are 1 ignores bits which are 0
#define GPIO_CLR *(gpio+10) // clears bits which are 1 ignores bits which are 0
 
int init_io()
{
    /* open /dev/mem */
    if ((mem_fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC) ) < 0) {
        printf("can't open /dev/mem \n");
        return(-1);
    }else{
        printf("/dev/mem opened\n");
        
        /* mmap GPIO */
        gpio_map = mmap(
            NULL,             //Any adddress in our space will do
            BLOCK_SIZE,       //Map length
            PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,// Enable reading & writting to mapped memory
            MAP_SHARED,       //Shared with other processes
            mem_fd,           //File to map
            GPIO_BASE         //Offset to GPIO peripheral   
        );
        
        close(mem_fd);
        printf("/dev/mem closed\n");
        
        if (gpio_map == MAP_FAILED) {
            printf("mmap error %d\n", (int)gpio_map);//errno also set!
            return(-1);
        }else{
            printf("mmap Success.\n");
        }
        
    }
    
    // Always use volatile pointer!
   gpio = (volatile unsigned *)gpio_map;

   return 0;
}


int main(){
    
    if(init_io() == -1) 
    {
        printf("Failed to map the physical GPIO registers into the virtual memory space.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    
    // must use INP_GPIO before we can use OUT_GPIO
    INP_GPIO(LED_18); 
    OUT_GPIO(LED_18);
    
    int repeat;
    for (repeat=1; repeat<5; repeat++)
    {
        GPIO_CLR = 1 << LED_18;
        printf("LED OFF\n");
        sleep(2);

        GPIO_SET = 1 << LED_18;
        printf("LED ON\n");
        sleep(1);
    }
    
    printf("- finished -\n");
    return 0;
}

Download HERE.

Compile with:
$ gcc testPin.c

Run with sudo:
$ sudo ./a.out